The Ukrainian refugees who arrived in the Netherlands after the Russian invasion in late February 2022 do not need a work permit to work. This gives them an exceptional position compared to other migrants from outside the European Union or the countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
Ukrainian refugees in the age category of 25 to 45 years were most likely to be employed, while younger individuals (15 to 25 years) were the least likely. Men were employed as often as women.
Most Ukrainian refugees worked as temporary workers (38%), casual workers (24%), or held another temporary contract (29%). More than half worked full-time (35 hours or more per week): 53%; 15% worked 30 to 35 hours.
The majority of Ukrainian refugees worked in the business services sector (50%). This sector includes temporary employment agencies. It is often difficult to determine which sector temporary workers are assigned to. Additionally, many Ukrainian refugees were also employed in the trade, transport, and hospitality sector (32%).
During 2022 and 2023, the share of those working as temporary workers and/or in the business services sector decreased. In 2024, this share remained stable. However, the share with a permanent contract increased from 5% in November 2023 to 9% a year later.