Amsterdam is conducting large-scale research on where PFAS are in the soil and whether this poses a risk to health. Much is already known from studies since 2019, but now this is being mapped step by step and citywide. The research is part of a national assignment. The first results are expected by the end of 2026.

PFAS are water-, grease- and dirt-repellent substances that were widely used in the past, for example in pans, clothing, and firefighting foam. They hardly break down, can accumulate in the body, and with prolonged exposure to high concentrations can lead to health problems. Vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women and children, are especially sensitive.

When is there a risk?

PFAS are almost everywhere: in the soil, water, and even in our bodies. This is not automatically dangerous. Only with regular contact with heavily contaminated soil, for example through dirty fingers or vegetables from contaminated gardens, can a risk arise. Therefore, the research focuses on areas with potentially high concentrations and where people come into contact with the soil.

How we approach this

With the help of the Environmental Protection Agency of the North Sea Canal Area, we have made a list of more than 2,500 possible locations where PFAS may have been used. These have been prioritized. The approach consists of four steps:

  1. Activities in view: what exactly happened at that location (e.g., use of firefighting foam)?
  2. Check previous measurements: has the soil been sufficiently investigated since 2019?
  3. Contact risks: can people come into contact with uncovered soil (playground, park, vegetable garden)?
  4. On-site measurements: where necessary, an independent agency investigates soil and groundwater.

First, 170 highest-priority locations will be addressed, such as possible firefighting sites. Additionally, a sample will be taken at former PFAS-processing companies, such as shipyards and waste processors. Experts expect that in most places, after the first three steps, no risk will be found. Currently, there are no known locations in Amsterdam with an actual health risk from PFAS in the soil.

If there is a risk

Then the municipality will take immediate measures, such as covering or excavating soil, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency and the Public Health Service. Residents will be informed.

More information