The wage gap between men and women is smaller in the public sector than in companies. In 2024, women earned on average 4.5 percent less than men in the public sector; in 2022 this was 5.1 percent less. Women earned 1.7 percent less when accounting for differences in personal, job, and employer characteristics. Because there is a small margin of uncertainty around the figures, this difference is not statistically different from the wage gap in 2022. This marks the end of the declining trend of wage gaps in the public sector since 2014.
At younger ages, women earn on average more per hour than men. In the business sector, the turning point is at 26 years. From that age, men earn more than women, and this difference increases with age. At age 45, women in companies earned on average 6 euros less per hour than men in 2024, and 60-year-old women nearly 9 euros less per hour.
In the public sector, women up to 40 years old earn on average a higher hourly wage than men. However, the wage differences are smaller than those at older ages, where men earn more on average than women. The wage gaps at older ages are smaller in the public sector than in the business sector. At age 60, women in the public sector earned on average 4 euros less per hour than men.
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