The largest part of environmental taxes consists of energy-related taxes, such as taxes on electricity and natural gas and excise duties on motor fuels. Companies pay 9.8 billion in energy-related taxes in 2024, households 5.3 billion. Without the reduction on energy tax of 4.2 billion euros, households would have paid 9.5 billion.
The energy tax (tax on natural gas and electricity), together with the sustainable energy surcharge and the reduction on energy tax, amounts to 1.2 billion euros for households in 2024, and 3.9 billion for companies. For companies this is 3 percent more than in 2023, but for households a tripling (417 million in 2023).
In 2024, companies pay 3.7 billion euros in excise duties on gasoline, diesel, and other mineral oils, households 4 billion euros. Despite excise duty reductions on gasoline and diesel introduced in 2022, excise revenues rose again after 2022.
The costs of emission rights for companies increased from 54 million in 2011 (start of government auction registration) to 1.7 billion euros in 2024.
Taxes and levies on polluting activities yield 7.0 billion in 2024. The revenue from these taxes increased by 8 percent compared to 2023. Companies pay 2.0 billion, households 5.0 billion. The water pollution levy is higher in 2024 (13 percent), while revenues from sewerage and cleaning charges each increased by 6 percent.
Taxes on raw material use consist only of tap water and groundwater taxes and amount to 344 million euros in 2024.
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