After the Netherlands lost the derogation from the Nitrate Directive, fertilizer laws were tightened. A portion of manure production rights is now reduced during transfer, and farmers use less manure. This study shows significant positive impacts on nutrient runoff and emissions of nitrogen (ammonia) and greenhouse gases.
The Dutch Parliament adopted a motion requesting PBL to analyze the effects of these changes on water quality, nitrogen emissions, and greenhouse gases. PBL was also asked to propose alternative measures if goals are not met. This analysis compiles findings from recent studies.
The changes in the Fertilizer Act are part of a broader set of measures taken by the Netherlands. They aim to improve water quality and reduce ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. Despite improvements, groundwater nitrate levels remain high in some areas. Ammonia emissions are expected to drop by 19% by 2030 due to these measures, and greenhouse gases by 12%.
Additional policies are needed, especially in sandy soils and near water bodies, to reduce agricultural runoff. Targeted measures can enhance effectiveness, but they may complicate manure policy. A spatial approach to land use could also help achieve goals.
The figure below illustrates key relationships between manure production, usage, and emissions. It highlights factors influencing these emissions, like the amount and type of manure applied and farming systems used.