To meet Member States nuclear energy plans, significant investments of around €241 billion by 2050 are necessary for extending the lifespan of existing reactors and constructing new large-scale reactors. Additional funding is required for Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs), microreactors, and future fusion technologies, as assessed in the Commissions eighth nuclear illustrative programme (‘PINC’).
For some EU nations, nuclear energy plays a crucial role in decarbonisation, industrial competitiveness, and energy security strategies. The Commission forecasts that over 90% of EU electricity will come from decarbonised sources, mainly renewables, with nuclear energy as a complement. Nuclear capacity in the EU is expected to rise from 98 GWe in 2025 to about 109 GWe by 2050. It is essential that all zero and low carbon energy solutions are utilized to decarbonise the EUs energy system.
Maintaining the EUs industrial leadership in this sector is vital. This nuclear illustrative programme aims to guide Member States actions in key areas.
Ensuring the highest standards of nuclear safety, security, and safeguards, along with safe and responsible radioactive waste management, will remain a top priority for the EU. Increased efforts are required to develop infrastructure for the disposal of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, alongside effective decommissioning and cost efficiency.
Collaboration between national regulatory bodies will help accelerate licensing, while international partnerships with reliable entities will secure stable and diversified fuel supplies and minimize dependencies.
Enhancing the skills of the existing workforce, attracting new talent, and supporting start-ups will drive innovation. The commercialisation and market integration of advanced nuclear technologies, including Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs), microreactors, and fusion technologies for the future, will be central to the sectors growth in Europe and beyond.
Next Steps
The Commission will release the final version of the PINC after receiving the Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee. It will also be discussed with Member States at the Energy Council on June 16, 2025, in Luxembourg.
Background
As mandated by Article 40 of the Euratom Treaty, PINC (Programme Illustrative Nucleaire) offers a comprehensive overview of nuclear development trends and investment needs across the EU. This assessment aligns with the EUs decarbonisation targets, the REPowerEU Plan, and Clean Industrial Deal objectives.
For More Information
Communication and Staff Working Document on the Nuclear Illustrative Programme