What will be the role of nuclear energy in the EUs future energy mix?
Affordable and clean energy is essential for the EUs decarbonisation and competitiveness. A diverse energy mix that includes renewable and low-carbon technologies is crucial.
The EU 2040 Climate Target Plan highlights the importance of further electrification to achieve a fully decarbonised power system. The Commissions impact assessment indicates that by 2040, renewable energy and nuclear will account for over 90% of the electricity consumed in the EU.
Each Member State can choose its own energy mix, and for many, nuclear energy is a key strategy for decarbonisation and energy security. Updated National Energy and Climate Plans show that nuclear will remain vital for clean electricity, heating, and hydrogen production in those states that utilize it.
Nuclear energy must be developed cost-effectively, adhering to the highest safety standards. Safe management of radioactive waste and spent fuel, including final disposal in deep geological repositories, is equally crucial.
Member States should focus on diversifying their supply chains, ensuring security from ore to nuclear fuel, and eliminating dependencies. They must also recognize the strategic importance of radioisotopes for healthcare and industry.
How will the Commission ensure that nuclear power in Europe follows the highest safety standards?
The EU has a robust framework for nuclear safety and waste management, ensuring leadership in this sector.
All nuclear projects must meet high standards for safety, security, radiation protection, and waste management. New reactors should comply with stringent safety objectives. According to PINC, Member States should enhance efforts to manage high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel responsibly. Strong, independent safety authorities are vital, free from political interference and adequately resourced.
Engaging the public transparently throughout nuclear project developments is crucial for their acceptance and success.
Furthermore, effective policies for decommissioning and waste management are essential. Member States are required to establish policies that promote progress in these areas.
How will the Commission help spur the necessary investments?
Some EU Member States are creating nuclear programs to extend existing reactor operations and plan new constructions. Others are considering nuclear for the first time due to new technologies.
The Commission estimates a need for 109 GWe of nuclear capacity by 2050, requiring approximately €241 billion in investments: €205 billion for new reactors and €36 billion for extending existing ones.
Realizing these investments will involve diverse public and private financing sources and de-risking instruments. The Electricity Market Design reforms “two-way contracts for difference” (CfDs) will help support project developers. Power purchase agreements (PPAs) may also serve as support instruments.
To facilitate these investments, the Commission will guide Member States in designing CfDs for energy projects, aligning with state aid rules as per Draghis report and the Clean Industrial Deal.
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